Florence griffith joyner nails

Florence Griffith Joyner

American track and field hurdle athlete (–)

Florence Griffith Joyner

Griffith Joyner in

In office
–

Serving with Tom McMillen[1]

PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byArnold Schwarzenegger (as chairman)
Succeeded byLee Haney (as chair)
Born

Florence Delorez Griffith[2]


()December 21, [3]
Los Angeles, California, U.S.[3]
DiedSeptember 21, () (aged&#;38)[3]
Mission Viejo, California, U.S.[3]
Resting placeEl Toro Memorial Park, Lake Forest, California, U.S.
Sports career
NicknameFlo-Jo[3]
National&#;team&#;United States
Height5&#;ft 7&#;in (&#;cm)[3]
Weight&#;lb (57&#;kg)[3]
Event(s) meters, meters
ClubTiger World Class Athletic Club
West Coast Athletic Club
Retired
Personal bestsm: WR[note 1]
m: WR
m:
4 × m:
4 × m: AR

Florence Delorez Griffith Joyner[4] (born Florence Delorez Griffith;[2] December 21, – September 21, ), also known as Flo-Jo, was an American track and field athlete and the fastest woman ever recorded.

She was married to Al Joyner, a Olympic gold medalist in the triple jump. He was also her coach and husband during her success as a four-time Olympic medalist. They were married in until the time of her death, in They had one daughter together, Mary Joyner. Griffith Joyner set world records in for the m and m. During the late s, she became a popular figure due to both her record-setting athleticism and eclectic personal style.

Florence joyner kersee biography definition Griffith Joyner attributed the change in her physique to new health programs. Before the U. Associated Press. Share this article Comments.

Griffith Joyner was born and raised in California. She was athletic from a young age and began running at track meets as a child. While attending California State University, Northridge (CSUN), and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she continued to compete in track and field. While still in college, she qualified for the m Olympics but did not compete due to the U.S.

boycott. She made her Olympic debut four years later, winning a silver medal in the meter distance at the Olympics in Los Angeles. At the U.S. Olympic trials, Griffith set a new world record in the meter sprint. She won three gold medals at the Olympics.

In February , Griffith Joyner abruptly retired from athletics. She remained a pop culture figure through endorsement deals, acting, and designing.

In , at age 38, she died in her sleep during an epileptic seizure caused by a birth defect. Griffith Joyner is buried at the El Toro Memorial Park in Lake Forest.

Early life

Griffith was born in Los Angeles, California, the seventh of eleven children born to Robert, an electrician, and Florence Griffith, a seamstress.[2][5] The family lived in Littlerock, California, before Florence Griffith moved with her children to the Jordan Downs public housing complex located in the Watts section of Los Angeles.[6][7]

When Griffith was in elementary school, she joined the Sugar Ray Robinson Organization, running in track meets on weekends.[7] She won the Jesse Owens National Youth Games two years in a row, at the ages of 14 and [8] Griffith ran track at Jordan High School in Los Angeles.[7]

Showing an early interest in fashion, Griffith persuaded the members of the track team to wear tights with their uniforms.[8] As a high school senior in , she finished sixth at the CIF California State Meet behind future teammates Alice Brown and Pam Marshall.[9] By the time she graduated from Jordan High School in , she had set high-school records in sprinting and long jump.[10]

Career

Griffith attended CSUN, and was on the track team coached by Bob Kersee.[11][12] This team, which included Brown and Jeanette Bolden,[12][13][14] won the national championship during Griffith's first year of college.[10] However, Griffith had to drop out to support her family, taking a job as a bank teller.

Kersee found financial aid for her and she returned to college in , this time at UCLA where Kersee was working as a coach.[7][12]

Brown, Bolden, and Griffith qualified for the meter final at the trials for the Summer Olympics (with Brown winning and Griffith finishing last in the final).

Florence joyner kersee biography definition us history Her husband said all the talk was down to jealousy. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. It made me realize that if I kept concentrating, I could go faster. In office — Serving with Tom McMillen [ 1 ].

Griffith also ran the meters, narrowly finishing fourth, a foot out of a qualifying position.[8] However, the U.S. Government had already decided to boycott those Olympic Games mooting those results.[15] In , Griffith graduated from UCLA with her bachelor's degree in psychology.[10]

Olympic runner

Griffith finished fourth in the meter sprint at the first World Championship in Athletics in [16] In the next year, she qualified for the Olympics in the meter distance with the second fastest time at the United States Olympic Trials, held in Los Angeles.[17]Evelyn Ashford, another UCLA alumna and early favorite to medal,[18] dropped out of the meter due to injury.[17] Griffith went on to win a silver medal in the Summer Olympics, coming in second behind teammate Valerie Brisco-Hooks.[10]

After the Olympic Games, she spent less time running.[19] Griffith continued to run part-time,[19] winning the meter IAAF Grand Prix Final with the time of seconds.[20] She did not compete at the U.S.

National Championship.[21] That same year, she returned to working at a bank and styled hair and nails in her spare time.[10] She married Al Joyner, the Olympic triple jump champion of , in [22]

She returned to athletics in April [23] Four months later, at the World Championships in Rome, Griffith Joyner finished second in the meter sprint.[24][23] Her success during the season resulted in being ranked second in Track and Field News' world rankings.[24] The meters remained a stronger event for her than the meters, where she was ranked seventh in the United States.[24]

Before the U.S.

Olympic Trials, Griffith Joyner continued to work with her coach and husband's brother-in-law, Kersee, two days a week, but with her new husband coaching her three days a week.[25] She ran the meter in seconds at the Cologne Grand Prix Track and Field Meet, a personal best but the mark was not even in the top 40 of all time.[26][27] She continued to improve, again setting a personal best of in the meters in San Diego on June 25, , but still remained shy of then American record holder Evelyn Ashford's three best times.[28] A week before the trials she ran a tune-up race in in Santa Monica.[29]

In the first race of the quarterfinals of the U.S.

Olympic Trials, she stunned her colleagues when she sprinted meters in seconds, a new world record by a margin of s over the previous record held by Evelyn Ashford.[8] Over the two-day trials, Griffith Joyner recorded the three fastest times for a woman at meters: in the quarter-final, in the semifinal, and in the final.[30][23] At the same Olympic trials, she also set an American record at the meter distance with a time of seconds.[31]

The meter record was by far the largest improvement in the world record time since the advent of electronic timing, and still stands.

This extraordinary result raised the possibility of a technical malfunction with the wind gauge which read at &#;m/s - a reading at odds with the windy conditions on the day, with high wind speeds being recorded in all other sprints before and after this race as well as the parallel long jump runway at the time of the Griffith Joyner performance.

All scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organisations have since found there was an illegal tailwind of between 5&#;m/s – 7&#;m/s at the time. The IAAF has not annulled the result, but since the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed it as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognized as a world record."[32] The fastest non-wind-assisted performance would then be Griffith Joyner's s in the final the next day.[33] This mark was equaled by Elaine Thompson-Herah in the Olympic Final before being surpassed by Thompson-Herah at the post-Olympics Eugene Diamond League meeting in August [34] Thompson-Herah clocked seconds, officially the second fastest time in women's &#;m history.

Following the Olympic trials, in late July , Griffith Joyner left coach Kersee saying she wanted a coach able to provide more personal attention. Another contributing factor was her unhappiness with the lack of sponsorship and endorsement opportunities.[35] In addition to being her coach, Kersee was Griffith Joyner's manager, as he required all the athletes he coached to use his management services too.[35] Griffith Joyner's decision to sign with personal manager Gordon Baskin therefore necessitated the coaching change.[35][36] She left UCLA for UC Irvine with her husband serving as full-time coach.[25]

By then known to the world as "Flo-Jo", Griffith Joyner was the big favorite for the titles in the sprint events at the Summer Olympics.

In the meter final, she ran a , beating her nearest rival to the world record, Evelyn Ashford, by seconds. In the meter semifinal, she set the world record of seconds and then broke this record by seconds in winning the final with a time of seconds.[37] Like her meter world record, this mark still stands.

At the same Olympics, Griffith Joyner also ran with the 4 × m relay and the 4 × m relay teams. Her team won the 4 × m relay and finished second in the 4 × m relay.[19] This was her first internationally rated 4 × m relay. She left the games having won four Olympic medals, three gold and one silver.[38] At the time, her medal haul was the second most for female track and field athlete in history, behind only Fanny Blankers-Koen who won four gold medals in [38]

In February , Griffith Joyner announced her retirement from racing.[36][39] She cited her new business opportunities outside of sprinting.[10][39][40] The month after announcing her retirement, she was selected as the winner of the James E.

Sullivan Award of as the top amateur athlete in the United States.[41]

Comeback attempt and other activities

Griffith Joyner's success at the Olympics led to new opportunities.[36][40] In the weeks following the Olympics, she earned millions of dollars from endorsement deals, primarily in Japan.

She also signed a deal with toy maker LJN Toys for a Barbie-like doll in her likeness.[36]

In , Griffith Joyner designed the basketball uniforms for the Indiana PacersNBA team.[10] She made a guest appearance as herself on a season 4 episode of . In , she appeared in the soap opera Santa Barbara as "Terry Holloway", a photographer similar to Annie Leibovitz.[42][43] She served as co-chair of President's Council on Physical Fitness between and [19]

In , Griffith Joyner appeared on Charlie Rose and announced her comeback to competitive athletics, concentrating on the meter run.[44] Her reason was that she had already set world marks in both the m and m events, with the m world record being her goal.

She trained steadily leading up to the U.S. Olympic trials in June. However, tendinitis in her right leg ended her hopes of becoming a triple-world-record holder.[45]

Style

Beyond her running prowess, Griffith Joyner was known for her bold fashion choices.[30][46] She appeared at the World Championships in in Rome wearing a hooded speed skating body suit.[46][22] In April , she started wearing a running suit with the right leg of the suit extending to the ankle and the left leg of the suit cut off, a style she called the "one-legger".[30][46][22] The running suits had bold colors such as lime green and purple with white bikini bottoms and were embellished with lightning bolts.[30]

Her nails also garnered attention for their length and designs.[30][22] Her nails were four inches long with tiger stripes at the Olympic trials before switching to fuchsia.[30] For the Olympic games themselves, she had six inch nails painted red, white, blue, and gold.[22] Although many sprinters avoided accessories which might slow them down, Griffith Joyner kept her hair long and wore jewelry while competing.[46] She designed many of her outfits herself and preferred looks which were not conventional.[46]

Allegations of performance-enhancing drug use

After her record-shattering performances at the U.S.

Olympic Trials, she became an object of suspicion when she arrived at the Olympic Games in Seoul.[47] Athletes, including Joaquim Cruz and Ben Johnson, expressed disbelief over Griffith Joyner's dramatic improvement over a short period of time.[48] Before the track and field season, her best time in the meter sprint was seconds (set in ).

In , she improved that by seconds.[49]

Her best before at meters was seconds (also set in ). In , she improved that by seconds to seconds, another time that has not been approached. Griffith Joyner attributed the change in her physique to new health programs.[50]Al Joyner replaced Bob Kersee as her coach, and he changed her training program to include more lower body strength training exercises such as squats and lunges.[51]

In a story for which he was purportedly paid $25,,[52]Darrell Robinson, a former teammate of Griffith Joyner, claimed that he sold her 10 mL of growth hormone for $2, in He said Joyner told him: "if you want to make $1 million, you've got to invest some thousands."[50] Robinson claimed to have received steroids from coach Bob Kersee and said he saw Carl Lewis inject himself with drugs he believed to be testosterone.[52] In , Lewis alleged in his autobiography that Griffith Joyner had used drugs.[53]

Neither Robinson nor Lewis provided evidence for their allegations, and Robinson was shunned by the athletics community, leading to the premature end of his career.[54] After the Olympics, Griffith Joyner retired from competitive track and field, a year before the introduction of mandatory random drug testing in [47][55] She was repeatedly tested during competition and passed every test.[56][57]

After her death in , Prince Alexandre de Merode, who held the controversial position as chairman of the International Olympic Committee's medical commission,[58] claimed that Griffith Joyner was singled out for extra, rigorous drug testing during the Olympic Games following rumors of steroid use.

De Merode told The New York Times that Manfred Donike, who was at that time considered to be the foremost expert on drugs and sports, failed to discover any banned substances during that testing.[59] The World Anti-Doping Agency was created in the s, removing control of drug testing from the IOC and De Merode. De Merode later stated: "We performed all possible and imaginable analyses on her.

We never found anything. There should not be the slightest suspicion."[47]

Personal life and death

Griffith's nickname among her family was "Dee Dee".[5][7] She was briefly engaged to hurdler Greg Foster.[5] In , Griffith married Olympic triple-jump champion Al Joyner, whom Griffith had first met at the Olympic Trials.[8][60] Through her marriage to Joyner she was sister-in-law to track and field athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee.[60] Griffith and Joyner had one daughter together, Mary Ruth Joyner, born November 15, [10][27]

Death

On September 21, , Griffith Joyner died in her sleep at home in the Canyon Crest neighborhood of Mission Viejo, California, at the age of The unexpected death was investigated by the Orange County Sheriff-Coroner's office, which on September 22 declared the cause of death to be suffocation during a severe epileptic seizure.[55]

Griffith Joyner was found to have had a cavernous hemangioma, a congenital vascular brain abnormality that made her subject to seizures.[61] According to a family attorney, she had a tonic-clonic seizure in and had been treated for seizures in and According to the Sheriff-Coroner's office, the only drugs in her system when she died were small amounts of two common over-the-counter drugs, acetaminophen and the antihistamine Benadryl.[62]

Legacy

USA Track & Field inducted her into its Hall of Fame in [63] In , the nd Street School in Los Angeles was renamed Florence Griffith Joyner Elementary School.

Griffith Joyner had attended the school as a child.[6] The city of Mission Viejo dedicated a park at the entrance to her neighborhood in her honor.[64][65] Griffith Joyner was also an artist and painter. Her work has been on display as part the Art of The Olympians (AOTO).

She is one of two posthumous members of AOTO, the other being the founder and Olympian, Al Oerter.[66] In Time's list of the most influential women of the past century, she was named Woman of the Year for [67]

Awards

World Athlete of the Year (Women)：[68]

Statistics

To date, her &#;m world and Olympic record () as well as her &#;m world record () still stand, making her the only female athlete to hold simultaneous records.

Her &#;m Olympic record () was beaten in at the Summer Olympics in Tokyo by Elaine Thompson-Herah ().

Olympic Games and trials results

Race Venue Date Round Time Wind WR
m Indianapolis July 16, Qualifying heat w +
m Indianapolis July 16, Quarter-final [note 1]WR
m Indianapolis July 17, Semi-final +
m Indianapolis July 17, Final +
m Seoul September 24, Qualifying heat +
m Seoul September 24, Quarter-final +
m Seoul September 25, Semi-final w +
m Seoul September 25, Final w +
m Indianapolis July 22, Qualifying heat +
m Indianapolis July 22, Quarter-final −
m Indianapolis July 23, Semi-final w +
m Indianapolis July 23, Final +
m Seoul September 28, Qualifying heat ?

m Seoul September 28, Quarter-final +
m Seoul September 29, Semi-final + WR
m Seoul September 29, Final + WR
m relay ( 4 × m relay ) Seoul October 1, Semi-Final (team time )
m relay ( 4 × m relay ) Seoul October 1, Final (team time )
m relay split ( 4 × m relay ) Seoul October 1, Final
(team time )

International competitions

Season's bests

Year meters meters meters
—
—
—
—

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abIt is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Griffith Joyner set this record.[70] A report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +&#;m/s and +&#;m/s, rather than the recorded.[70] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the U.S.

    Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record (until the recorded by Elaine Thompson-Herah on August 21, ) would have been s, also by Griffith Joyner, recorded the next day at the same venue in the final.[70][71]

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